Difference between revisions of "Old Calendar Orthodox Church of Romania"

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Orthodox Old Calendar Church of Romania
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{{Not to be confused|True Orthodox Church of Romania|True Orthodox Church of Romania}}
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Material from Wikipedia — free encyclopedia
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{{Christian Church
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Should not be confused with True Orthodox Church of Romania.
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| Church = Orthodox Old Calendar Church of Romania
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Orthodox Old Calendar Church of Romania
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| Church2 = {{lang-ro|Biserica Ortodoxă de Stil Vechi din România}}
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room. Biserica Ortodoxă de Stil Vechi din România
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| Coat of Arms =
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Holy Spiritual Cathedral in Slatjoara
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| Image =
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Holy Spiritual Cathedral in Slatjoara
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| Signature =
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General information
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| Founders =
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Founders Glycerium (Tanase) and David (Bidashku)[vd]
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| Foundation =
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Foundation 19 February 1924
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| Confession = [[Orthodoxy]]
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Confession orthodoxy
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| Mother Church =
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Guide
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| Separated Churches =
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Primate Eulogius (Nika)
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| Autocephaly =
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The Center Slatjoara
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| Recognition of autocephaly =
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Cathedral Holy Spiritual Cathedral
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| Autonomy =
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Residence of the primate Slatjoar Monastery
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| Recognition of autonomy =
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Territories
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| Administration =
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Jurisdiction (territory) Romania
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| Visible head =
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Worship
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| Current Primate =
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Rite byzantine rite
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| Center = [[Slătiora]]
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Language (s)
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| Cathedral = Holy Spirit Cathedral
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worship services romanian
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| Residence of the head =
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Calendar julian
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| Primate's Residence = [[Slatioara Monastery]]
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Statistics
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| Administration =
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Bishops 11
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| Jurisdiction (territory) = [[Romania]]
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Dioceses 11
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| Dioceses outside jurisdiction =
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Monasteries 13
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| Dioceses outside jurisdiction =
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Parishes 130
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| Autonomous Churches =
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Priests 160
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| Churches Sui Iuris =
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Deacons 26
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| Rite = [[Byzantine Rite]]
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Monks and nuns 800
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| Liturgical Language = [[Romanian language|Romanian]]
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Members about 3 million
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| Musical Tradition =
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Website manastireaslatioara.ro
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| Calendar = [[Julian Calendar|Julian]]
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Wikimedia Commons logo Media files on Wikimedia Commons
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| Bishops = 11
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Wikidata logo Information on Wikidata ?
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| Dioceses = 11
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Orthodox Old Age Church of Romania (room. Biserica Ortodoxă de Stil Vechi din România) — orthodox church in the Romania, staying outside of communion with Ecumenical Orthodoxy, using in worship julian calendar, byzantine rite and romanian language.
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| Dioceses =
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| Educational Institutions =
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| Monasteries = 13
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| Parishes = 130
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| Priests = 160
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| Deacons = 26
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| Monks and Nuns = 800
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| Believers = about 3 million
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| Website =
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}}
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'''The Old Calendar Orthodox Church of Romania''' ({{lang-ro|Biserica Ortodoxă de Stil Vechi din România}}) is an [[Orthodox Church]] in [[Romania|Romania]], remaining [[Orthodox Churches outside communion with Universal Orthodoxy|out of communion with Universal Orthodoxy]], using the [[Julian calendar]], [[Byzantine rite]] and [[Romanian language]] in worship.
  
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It arose after the separation of a number of clergy and laity from Romanian Orthodox Church after the adoption of the latter in 1924 new Julian calendar. Has no eucharistic communion with any of local Orthodox churches.
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It arose after a number of clergy and laity separated from the [[Romanian Orthodox Church|Romanian Orthodox Church]] after the latter adopted the [[New Julian Calendar|New Julian calendar]] in 1924.
  
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The church has 130 parish churches, in which 160 priests and 26 deacons serve. Six male monasteries are inhabited by 290 monks, and 510 nuns live in 7 female monasteries. The number of parishioners is estimated at 2-3 million people. IN THE Slatjoar Monastery — spiritual and administrative center — about 100 monastics are obedient[1].
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The Church has 130 parish churches, in which 160 priests and 26 deacons serve. Six male monasteries are inhabited by 290 monks, and 7 female monasteries are home to 510 nuns. The number of parishioners is estimated at 2-3 million people. In the [[Slătiora Monastery|Slătiora Monastery]] — the spiritual and administrative center — about 100 monastics serve<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://minds.by/article/68.html |title=A. V. Slesarev. Non-canonical Orthodoxy: Romanian Old Calendar Orthodox Church |access-date=2008-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090504035514/http://minds.by/article/68.html |archive-date=2009-05-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref>.
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== History ==
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In 1924, the Romanian Orthodox Church adopted the [[New Julian Calendar]]. Hieromonk Arsenie (Cotea) ({{lang-ro|Arsenie Cotea}}), who arrived from Mount Athos, led the Old Calendarist movement, but was soon expelled from the country.
  
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On February 19, 1924, the "Organization of Adherents of the Orthodox Old Calendarist Church of Romania" was registered in the court of the city of [[Suceava]].
  
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Contents
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In 1930, Hieromonk [[Glycerie (Tănase)]] began active work on the construction of Old Calendarist churches. With the funds of the already formed Old Calendar parish communities, in 1931-1932 churches were built in the villages of [[:ro:Rădășeni, Suceava|Rădășeni]] (Suceava County), [[:ro:Brusturi, Neamț|Brusturi]], [[:ro:Urecheni, Neamț|Urecheni]] (Neamț County), [[:ro:Râșca, Suceava|Râșca]], [[:ro:Bogdănești, Suceava|Bogdanești]], [[Drăgășani|Drăgușeni]] (Suceava County) and in the village of [[:ro:Balș, Iași|Balș]] (Iași County). The intensity of church construction increased with each passing year<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.anti-raskol.ru/pages/67 |title=The Spread of the Old Calendar Schism in Romania in the Late 1920s — Early 1930s<!-- Title added by bot --> |access-date=2014-04-16 |archive-date=2014-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301202716/http://www.anti-raskol.ru/pages/67 |url-status=live }}</ref>.
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1 History
 
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2 First Hierarchs
 
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3 Episcopate
 
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3.1 Current bishops
 
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3.2 Former bishops
 
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4 Notes
 
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5 Literature
 
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6 Links
 
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History
 
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In 1924, the Romanian Orthodox Church accepted new Julian calendar. Hieromonk Arseny (Kotya) (who arrived from Athos) (room. Arsenie Cotea) led the Old Calendarist movement, but was soon expelled from the country.
 
  
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February 19, 1924 in the city court Suceava it was registered by the «Orthodox Old Calendar Church of Romania».
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This led to the fact that in 1936 the followers of Hieromonk Glikery had almost four dozen churches, located mainly in the region of [[Moldova|Moldova]]. In 1935, Hieromonk Zosima, Varukh and Gymnasios from Mount Athos joined Glycerios; the need for new clergy remained quite acute. In order to receive episcopal consecration, Hieromonk Glycerios went to Athens in 1936, where by that time the Old Calendar Synod of the [[Old Calendar Churches of Greece|Churches of the True Orthodox Christians of Greece]] had already been formed under the chairmanship of [[Chrysostomos (Kavourides)|Chrysostomos (Kavourides)]]. However, the Greek hierarchs did not dare to take this step. After waiting for two months, Hieromonk Glycerios, together with his companions, went to [[Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]], where the [[Synod of Bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia|Synod of Bishops of the ROCOR]] was located at that time. Upon arrival in Belgrade, Hieromonk Glikery met Archbishop [[Anastasius (Gribanovsky)|Anastasius (Gribanovsky)]]. The Romanian Old Calendarists received from him a recommendation to turn to Bishop Seraphim (Lyade) of Vienna in Budapest, who could ordain priests, to resolve the issue. The monks found Bishop Seraphim, who was absent from Budapest, in Vienna, but he refused to fulfill their request<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.anti-raskol.ru/pages/69 |title=The Emerging Romanian Old Calendar Schism and the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad<!-- Title added by bot --> |access-date=2014-04-16 |archive-date=2014-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301202910/http://www.anti-raskol.ru/pages/69 |url-status=live }}</ref>.
  
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In 1930, hieromonk Glycerium (Tanase) he launched active work on the construction of old-age churches. With funds from the already established old-age parish communities, churches were built in villages in 1931—1932 Redashen (suceava County), Brusturi, Urechen (Namt County), Ryska, Bogdenesti, Dragushen (suceava County) and in the village Balsh (county of Iasi). The intensity of temple construction increased every year[2].
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Immediately upon returning to Romania, Hieromonk Glikery continued his active church-building activities and in a short time churches were built in more than ten villages.
  
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This led to the fact that in 1936 the followers of Hieromonk Glycerius had almost four dozen churches, located mainly in the region Moldova. In 1935, Athonite hieromonks Zosima, Baruch and Gymnasius joined Glycerius; the need for new clergy remained quite acute. In order to gain episcopal consecration, Hieromonk Glycerius went to Athens in 1936, where by this time the Old Calendar Synod had already been formed Church of True Orthodox Christians of Greece chaired by Chrysostom (Kavouridis). However, the Greek hierarchs did not dare to take this step. After a two-month wait, Hieromonk Glycerius, along with his companions, went to Yugoslavia, where it was located at that time Synod of Bishops of the ROCOR. Upon his arrival in Belgrade, Hieromonk Glykerij met the archbishop Anastasia (Gribanovsky). Romanian Old Calendarists received a recommendation from him to contact the Bishop of Vienna to resolve the issue in Budapest Seraphim (Lyada), which could supply priests. The monks found Bishop Seraphim, who was absent in Budapest, in Vienna, but he refused to fulfill their request[3].
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In September 1936, the Patriarch of Romania [[Miron (Patriarch of Romania)|Miron (Cristea)]], who in 1938 also became Prime Minister of Romania, launched a campaign of persecution against the followers of the Romanian Old Calendarists. Mass arrests of both clergy and ordinary parishioners were carried out. By direct order of Patriarch Miron, all churches and monasteries built by the Old Calendarists were taken away (in the [[Kukovsky Monastery|Kukovsky Monastery]], five laymen were thrown into the monastery well, where they drowned, accepting a martyr's death<ref>{{cite web |author=[[Shkarovsky, Mikhail Vitalievich|Shkarovsky M. V.]] |url=http://archive.bogoslov.ru/text/637896.html |title=The Orthodox Church of Romania and Church Life in the Territories Occupied by Romanian Troops from 1918 to the 1940s |website=bogoslov.ru |publisher=[[Bogoslov.ru]] |date=2010-03-08 |access-date=2020-04-05 |archive-date=2020-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502201356/http://archive.bogoslov.ru/text/637896.html |url-status=live }}</ref>).
  
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Immediately upon his return to Romania, Hieromonk Glycerius continued his active temple-building activities and in a short time temples were built in more than ten villages.
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In 1937, Hieromonk Glikery was sentenced to two years of imprisonment. Upon his release, he was again arrested on a false denunciation, allegedly for ties to the terrorist organization "Iron Guard", but was soon released, after which, together with Hierodeacon David (Bidașcu) ({{lang-ro|David Bidașcu}}), he retreated into the impenetrable forests. Fearing a second conviction, both wanderers lived in dugouts for about two years and were in an illegal position.
  
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In September 1936, Patriarch of Romania Miron (Kristei), who also became Prime Minister of Romania in 1938, launched a campaign of persecution against followers of Romanian Old Calendarism. A mass arrest was made of both clergy and ordinary parishioners. By direct order of Patriarch Miron, all constructed churches and monasteries were taken away from the old-timers (c Kukov Monastery five laymen were thrown into the monastery well, where they drowned after being martyred[4]).
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In 1941, they won over the inhabitants of the village of [[Slătioara]] in Suceava County. According to the vision that Glikerii spoke of, terrible apocalyptic times were approaching inexorably, one of the signs of which was the calendar reform in the Church. Moreover, 1982 was declared the year of the coming of the [[antichrist]]. Eschatologists The panic that gripped the inhabitants of Slatioara united them firmly around the newcomers, turning the settlement into a center of Romanian Old Calendarism.
  
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In 1937, Hieromonk Glycerius was sentenced to two years in prison. Upon his release, he was again arrested on a false denunciation, allegedly for connections with a terrorist organization «Iron Guard», but was soon released, after which, together with Hierodeacon David (Bidashku) (room. David Bidașcu) withdrew into impenetrable forests. Fearing re-conviction, both wanderers lived in dugouts for about two years and were in an illegal situation.
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Some improvement in the attitude towards the Old Calendarist Church occurred in Romania after the establishment of the communist regime in the late 1940s. Old Calendarist parishes received state registration, but many lay believers and clergy were subjected to repression. In 1980, Eucharistic communion was established with the Greek Old Calendarist [[Synod of Callistus|Synod of Callistus]]. After the collapse of the Synod of Callistus in 1984, the Romanian Old Calendarist Church maintained relations with the [[Synod of Resistance|Synod of Resistance]] that emerged from its fragments.
  
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In 1941, they won over the villagers Slatjoara in Suceava County. According to the vision that Glycerius spoke about, terrible apocalyptic times were inevitably approaching, one of the signs of which was calendar reform in the Church. Moreover, 1982 was declared the year of coming antichrist. The eschatological fear that gripped the inhabitants of Slatioara firmly rallied them around the alien monks, subsequently turning this settlement into the center of Romanian Old Calendarism.
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On June 28, 1999, the canonization of Metropolitan Glycerius (Tanase) took place in the [[Slatioari Monastery|Slatioari Transfiguration Monastery]], which was attended by pilgrims from many countries of the world, jurisdictionally belonging to the Old Calendar churches and the [[ROCOR]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://catacomb.org.ua/modules.php?name=Pages&go=page&pid=964 |title=Article "Metropolitan Glycerius, Confessor of Romania" on the RTOC website |access-date=2010-07-28 |archive-date=2007-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071028030306/http://catacomb.org.ua/modules.php?name=Pages&go=page&pid=964 |url-status=live }}</ref>.
  
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Some improvement in attitudes towards the Old Calendar Church has been taking place in Romania since the establishment of the communist regime in the late 1940s. Old-style parishes received state registration, but many lay believers and clergy were subjected to repression. In 1980, Eucharistic communion with the Greek Old Calendar was established Callist Synod. After the collapse of the Callistian Synod in 1984, the Romanian Old Calendar Church maintained relations with the «Synod of Opponents».
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On March 5, 2003, the official recording of the new name "Old Calendar Orthodox Church of Romania" was made.
  
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June 28, 1999 c Spaso-Preobrazhensky Slatjoar Monastery the canonization of the Metropolitan took place Glyceria (Tanase), which was attended by pilgrims from many countries of the world, jurisdictional belonging to the old-age churches and ROCOR[5].
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From December 9 to 12, 2013, a delegation of the [[True Orthodox Church of Greece (Chrysostomos Synod)|the "Chrysostomos" Synod of the True Orthodox Church of Greece]], headed by Archbishop of Athens [[Kallinikos (Sarantopoulos)|Kallinikos (Sarantopoulos)]], visited Romania, where they held talks with Metropolitan [[Vlasie (Mogyrzan)|Vlasie (Mogyrzan)]] and the hierarchs of the Romanian Old Calendarist Church<ref>[http://www.hotca.org/news/miscellaneous/496-archbishop-kallinikos-heads-delegation-to-romania Archbishop Kallinikos Heads Delegation to Romania] {{Wayback|url=http://www.hotca.org/news/miscellaneous/496-archbishop-kallinikos-heads-delegation-to-romania |date=20131217233311 }}{{ref-en}}</ref><ref>[http://imab.gr/index.php/latest-news/223-2013-12-12-22-27-40 Ἐπίσκεψη στὴ Ρουμανία] {{Wayback|url=http://imab.gr/index.php/latest-news/223-2013-12-12-22-27-40 |date=20131217230335 }}{{ref-el}}</ref>, culminating in the establishment of Eucharistic communion on March 18, 2014.
  
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On March 5, 2003, the official recording of the new name was made «Orthodox Old Calendar Church of Romania».
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On October 6, 2019, the consecration of the Cathedral of the Holy Spirit in Slătiora took place. It is the main cathedral of the ROCOR, the construction of which began in the early 1990s.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://internetsobor.org/index.php/novosti/starostilnye-tserkvi/rumynskaya-strarostilnaya-tserkov/rumynskaya-psts-osvyashchenie-kafedralnogo-sobora-foto |title=Romanian ROCOR: Consecration of the Cathedral (PHOTO, VIDEO) - Internet Sobor<!-- Title added by bot --> |access-date=2019-10-17 |archive-date=2019-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017112141/http://internetsobor.org/index.php/novosti/starostilnye-tserkvi/rumynskaya-strarostilnaya-tserkov/rumynskaya-psts-osvyashchenie-kafedralnogo-sobora-foto |url-status=live }}</ref>.
  
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December 9-12, 2013 delegation «Chrysostomian» Synod of the Greek CPI led by the Archbishop of Athens Kallinikos (Sarandopoulos) she visited Romania, where she held negotiations with the Metropolitan Vlasiy (Mogyrzan) and the hierarchs of the Romanian Old Calendar Church[6][7], which ended with the establishment of Eucharistic communion on March 18, 2014.
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On August 14, 2022, the Romanian Old Calendarist Orthodox Church broke communion with the [[True Orthodox Church of Greece (Chrysostomos Synod)|Chrysostomos Synod]] (primate — Archbishop of Athens and All Greece [[Kallinikos (Sarandopoulos)]]), the [[Bulgarian Old Calendarist Church|Bulgarian Old Calendarist Church]] (primate — Metropolitan [[Photius (Siromakhov)]] of Triaditsa) and the [[ROCOR (Agaphangel)|ROCOR(A)]] (primate — Metropolitan [[Agaphangel (Pashkovsky)]]), justifying this by their confession of the heresy of “[[Cyprian (Koutsoumbas)|Cyprianism]]”<ref>{{cite web|title=Romanian True Orthodox Church: Metropolitan Vlasie Deposed, Does Not Recognize Deposition as Canonical|url=https://nftu.net/romanian-true-orthodox-church-metropolitan-vlasie-deposed-does-not-recognize-deposition-as-canonical/|website=NFTU|date=2022-11-09|lang=en|access-date=2022-12-29|archive-date=2022-1 2-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229135837/https://nftu.net/romanian-true-orthodox-church-metropolitan-vlasie-deposed-does-not-recognize-deposition-as-canonical/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sfântul Ierarh Glicherie Mãrturisitorul|url=http://sfantulglicherie.blogspot.com/2022/08/intrerupereacomuniunii-cu-grecii-frati.html|date=2022-08-14|lang=ro|access-date=2022-12-29|archive-date=2022- 12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229135828/http://sfantulglicherie.blogspot.com/2022/08/intrerupereacomuniunii-cu-grecii-frati.html|url-status=live}}</ref>.
  
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On October 6, 2019, the consecration of the Cathedral in honor of the Holy Spirit took place in Slatjoara — the main cathedral of the PSCR, which began construction in the early 1990s[8].
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On August 29, the Synodal Assembly elected Bishop [[Evloghie (Nika)]] as the new First Hierarch. On September 1, 2024, his enthronement took place at the Metropolitan Cathedral of the Descent of the Holy Spirit on the Apostles in [[Slătiora|Slătiora]]<ref>{{cite web|title=P.S. Evloghie Nica, noul mitropolit al Bisericii Ortodoxe de Stil Vechi, întronizat astăzi, 1 septemb
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On 14 August 2022, the Orthodox Old Calendar Church of Romania broke communion with Chrysostom Synod (primate — Archbishop of Athens and all Greece Kallinikos (Sarandopoulos)), Bulgarian Old Calendar Church (primate — Metropolitan of Triadice Photius (Siromakhov)) and ROCOR (A) (primate — metropolitan Agafangel (Pashkovsky)), justifying this by their confession of heresy «cyprianism»[9][10].
 
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On August 29, the Synodal Assembly elected a bishop as the new first hierarch Eulogius (Nika). September 1, 2024 at the Metropolitan Cathedral of the Descent of the Holy Spirit on the Apostles c Slatjoare his enthronement took place[11].
 
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First Hierarchs
 
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Galaktion (Kordun) (5 April 1955 — 8 July 1959)
 
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Glycerium (Tanase) (July 18, 1959 — June 28, 1985)
 
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Sylvester (Onofreya) (29 July 1985 — 18 March 1992)
 
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Vlasiy (Mogyrzan) (18 May 1992 — 7 February 2022)
 
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Demosthenes (Yonita) (7 February 2022 — 20 July 2024[12])
 
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Eulogius (Nika) (since August 29, 2024)
 
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Residence of the First Hierarch of the Orthodox Old Calendar Church of Romania — Spaso-Preobrazhensky Slatjoar Monastery; in Slatjoara the Holy Spirit Cathedral is also located.
 
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Episcopate
 
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Current bishops
 
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Bishops of Iasi Glycerium (Elijah), Suceavsky Sophronius (Ocelus), Nyametsky Demosthenes (Yonita) and Botoshansky Joseph (Mogyrzan)
 
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Bishop of Suceava Sophronius (Ocelus) (since 1995)
 
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Bishop of Brasov Theodosius (Skutaru) (since June 26, 1995)
 
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Bishop of Ploiesti Anthony (Tetaru) (since October 1, 2004)
 
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Bishop of Botosani Joseph (Mogyrzan) (since October 29, 2004)
 
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Bishop of Ilfov Flavian (Birgeoanu) (since October 31, 2004)
 
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Bishop of Iasi Glycerium (Elijah) (since November 17, 2007)
 
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Bishop of Galatia Dionysius (Konstandake) (since November 18, 2007)
 
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Bishop of Nämecki David (Macovey) (since April 7, 2022)
 
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Former bishops
 
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Eulogius (Otsa)[room], Bishop (5 August 1956 — 28 February 1979)
 
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Methodius (Marinake), Bishop of Nyametsky (August 1956 — July 25, 1977)
 
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Cosmas (Lostun)[room], Bishop of Suceava (14 November 1978 — 18 May 1992)
 
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Gennady (George), Auxiliary Bishop of Bacau (August 12, 1985 — June 24, 2018)
 
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Pachomius (Morarius), Auxiliary Bishop of Vrenchansky (1992 — May 24, 2006)
 
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Notes
 
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A. IN. Slesarev. Non-canonical Orthodoxy: Romanian Old Calendar Orthodox Church. Retrieved: March 20, 2008. Archived from the original May 4, 2009.
 
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The spread of the old-age split in Romania in the late 1920s — early 1930s. Retrieved: April 16, 2014. Archived March 1, 2014.
 
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The emerging Romanian Old Calendar Schism and the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia. Retrieved: April 16, 2014. Archived March 1, 2014.
 
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Shkarovsky M.V.. The Orthodox Church of Romania and church life in the territories occupied by Romanian troops from 1918 to the 1940s.bogoslov.ru. Bogoslov.ru (March 8, 2010). Retrieved: April 5, 2020. Archived May 2, 2020.
 
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Article «Metropolitan Glycerius, Confessor of Romania» on the RIPC website. Retrieved: July 28, 2010. Archived October 28, 2007.
 
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Archbishop Kallinikos Heads Delegation to Romania Archived copy from December 17, 2013 to Wayback Machine (english)
 
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Ἐπίσκεψη στὴ Ρουμανία Archived copy from December 17, 2013 to Wayback Machine (greek)
 
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Romanian PSC: Consecration of the Cathedral (PHOTO, VIDEO) - Internet Sobor. Retrieved: October 17, 2019. Archived October 17, 2019.
 
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Romanian True Orthodox Church: Metropolitan Vlasie Deposited, Does Not Recognize Deposition as Canonical (english). NFTU (9 November 2022). Retrieved December 29, 2022. Archived 29 December 2022.
 
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Sfântul Ierarh Glicherie Mãrturisitorul (rum.) (14 August 2022). Retrieved December 29, 2022. Archived 29 December 2022.
 
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PS. Evloghie Nica, noul mitropolit al Bisericii Ortodoxe de Stil Vechi, întronizat astăzi, 1 septembrie 2024, la Catedrala Mitropolitană „Pogorârea Sfântului Duh” din Slătioara PS. Evloghie Nica, noul mitropolit al Bisericii Ortodoxe de Stil Vechi, întronizat astăzi, 1 septembrie 2024, la Catedrala Mitropolitană „Pogorârea Sfântului Duh” din Slătioara (rum.). suceava-smartpress.ro. SmartPress Suceava (September 1, 2024).
 
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Inalt Prea Sfintitul Arhiepiscop și Mitropolit Demosten (rum.). www.manastireaslatioara.ro. Retrieved June 11, 2023. Archived 11 June 2023.
 
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Literature
 
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Constantin Bujor. 65 de ani de persecuție a Bisericii Ortodoxe Române de Stil Vechi octombrie 1924 — decembrie 1989 (rum.). — Ed. Schimbarea la Față, 1999. — 167 pp.
 
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Slesarev A. Old Calendar schism in the history of the Orthodox Church (1924—2008). — M.: Publishing house of the Krutitsky courtyard. Society of Church History Lovers, 2009. — 562 p. — (Materials on the history of the Church. Book. 44).
 
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Shkarovsky M. IN THE. Orthodox Church of Romania in the 1918—1950s //Church History Bulletin. — 2011. — № 1/2 (21/22). — WITH. 173—223.
 
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Florian Bichir. Ortodocșii de lângă noi. Studiu istoric și canonic al Bisericii Ortodoxe de Stil Vechi din România. Documente inedite din Arhiva Securității (rum.). — Timişoara: Editura Mirton, 2011. — 290 p. — ISBN 978-973-52-1073-1.
 
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Florian Bichir. Dosarul «Mitropolitul Galaction Cordun» — un aventurier în reverndă, un agent secret sau o victimă a communismului (rum.). — Sibiu: Editura Agnos, 2012. — 240 pp. — ISBN 978-973-1801-93-3.
 
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Radu Petre Mureșan. Old Calendarism in Romania People, Facts, Stances: 1924‐2022 (english). — Cluj‐Napoca: Presa Universitară Clujeană, 2022. — 223 p. — ISBN 978-606-37-1733-8.
 
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Radu Petre Mureșan. Istoria stilismului în România (1924-2022) (rum.). — Iași: Doxologia, 2023. — 292 pp. — ISBN 978-630-301-044-1.
 
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Bochkov P., the priest, Ephraim (Rusu), jerome. A brief history of the emergence of the Old Calendar movement in Romania and the non-canonical «Romanian Orthodox Old Calendar Church» //Ryazan Theological Bulletin. — 2024. — № 1 (29). — S. 114—126.
 
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Ephraim (Rusu), jerome. Romanian Old Calendar Orthodox Church (from the fall of socialism to the present day) //Ugreshsky collection. Works of teachers of the Nikolo-Ugresh Orthodox Theological Seminary. — 2024. — № 16. — P. 89-102.
 

Latest revision as of 19:34, 27 August 2025

Template:Not to be confused Template:Christian Church The Old Calendar Orthodox Church of Romania (Template:Lang-ro) is an Orthodox Church in Romania, remaining out of communion with Universal Orthodoxy, using the Julian calendar, Byzantine rite and Romanian language in worship.

It arose after a number of clergy and laity separated from the Romanian Orthodox Church after the latter adopted the New Julian calendar in 1924.

The Church has 130 parish churches, in which 160 priests and 26 deacons serve. Six male monasteries are inhabited by 290 monks, and 7 female monasteries are home to 510 nuns. The number of parishioners is estimated at 2-3 million people. In the Slătiora Monastery — the spiritual and administrative center — about 100 monastics serve[1].

History

In 1924, the Romanian Orthodox Church adopted the New Julian Calendar. Hieromonk Arsenie (Cotea) (Template:Lang-ro), who arrived from Mount Athos, led the Old Calendarist movement, but was soon expelled from the country.

On February 19, 1924, the "Organization of Adherents of the Orthodox Old Calendarist Church of Romania" was registered in the court of the city of Suceava.

In 1930, Hieromonk Glycerie (Tănase) began active work on the construction of Old Calendarist churches. With the funds of the already formed Old Calendar parish communities, in 1931-1932 churches were built in the villages of Rădășeni (Suceava County), Brusturi, Urecheni (Neamț County), Râșca, Bogdanești, Drăgușeni (Suceava County) and in the village of Balș (Iași County). The intensity of church construction increased with each passing year[2].

This led to the fact that in 1936 the followers of Hieromonk Glikery had almost four dozen churches, located mainly in the region of Moldova. In 1935, Hieromonk Zosima, Varukh and Gymnasios from Mount Athos joined Glycerios; the need for new clergy remained quite acute. In order to receive episcopal consecration, Hieromonk Glycerios went to Athens in 1936, where by that time the Old Calendar Synod of the Churches of the True Orthodox Christians of Greece had already been formed under the chairmanship of Chrysostomos (Kavourides). However, the Greek hierarchs did not dare to take this step. After waiting for two months, Hieromonk Glycerios, together with his companions, went to Yugoslavia, where the Synod of Bishops of the ROCOR was located at that time. Upon arrival in Belgrade, Hieromonk Glikery met Archbishop Anastasius (Gribanovsky). The Romanian Old Calendarists received from him a recommendation to turn to Bishop Seraphim (Lyade) of Vienna in Budapest, who could ordain priests, to resolve the issue. The monks found Bishop Seraphim, who was absent from Budapest, in Vienna, but he refused to fulfill their request[3].

Immediately upon returning to Romania, Hieromonk Glikery continued his active church-building activities and in a short time churches were built in more than ten villages.

In September 1936, the Patriarch of Romania Miron (Cristea), who in 1938 also became Prime Minister of Romania, launched a campaign of persecution against the followers of the Romanian Old Calendarists. Mass arrests of both clergy and ordinary parishioners were carried out. By direct order of Patriarch Miron, all churches and monasteries built by the Old Calendarists were taken away (in the Kukovsky Monastery, five laymen were thrown into the monastery well, where they drowned, accepting a martyr's death[4]).

In 1937, Hieromonk Glikery was sentenced to two years of imprisonment. Upon his release, he was again arrested on a false denunciation, allegedly for ties to the terrorist organization "Iron Guard", but was soon released, after which, together with Hierodeacon David (Bidașcu) (Template:Lang-ro), he retreated into the impenetrable forests. Fearing a second conviction, both wanderers lived in dugouts for about two years and were in an illegal position.

In 1941, they won over the inhabitants of the village of Slătioara in Suceava County. According to the vision that Glikerii spoke of, terrible apocalyptic times were approaching inexorably, one of the signs of which was the calendar reform in the Church. Moreover, 1982 was declared the year of the coming of the antichrist. Eschatologists The panic that gripped the inhabitants of Slatioara united them firmly around the newcomers, turning the settlement into a center of Romanian Old Calendarism.

Some improvement in the attitude towards the Old Calendarist Church occurred in Romania after the establishment of the communist regime in the late 1940s. Old Calendarist parishes received state registration, but many lay believers and clergy were subjected to repression. In 1980, Eucharistic communion was established with the Greek Old Calendarist Synod of Callistus. After the collapse of the Synod of Callistus in 1984, the Romanian Old Calendarist Church maintained relations with the Synod of Resistance that emerged from its fragments.

On June 28, 1999, the canonization of Metropolitan Glycerius (Tanase) took place in the Slatioari Transfiguration Monastery, which was attended by pilgrims from many countries of the world, jurisdictionally belonging to the Old Calendar churches and the ROCOR[5].

On March 5, 2003, the official recording of the new name "Old Calendar Orthodox Church of Romania" was made.

From December 9 to 12, 2013, a delegation of the the "Chrysostomos" Synod of the True Orthodox Church of Greece, headed by Archbishop of Athens Kallinikos (Sarantopoulos), visited Romania, where they held talks with Metropolitan Vlasie (Mogyrzan) and the hierarchs of the Romanian Old Calendarist Church[6][7], culminating in the establishment of Eucharistic communion on March 18, 2014.

On October 6, 2019, the consecration of the Cathedral of the Holy Spirit in Slătiora took place. It is the main cathedral of the ROCOR, the construction of which began in the early 1990s.[8].

On August 14, 2022, the Romanian Old Calendarist Orthodox Church broke communion with the Chrysostomos Synod (primate — Archbishop of Athens and All Greece Kallinikos (Sarandopoulos)), the Bulgarian Old Calendarist Church (primate — Metropolitan Photius (Siromakhov) of Triaditsa) and the ROCOR(A) (primate — Metropolitan Agaphangel (Pashkovsky)), justifying this by their confession of the heresy of “Cyprianism”[9][10].

On August 29, the Synodal Assembly elected Bishop Evloghie (Nika) as the new First Hierarch. On September 1, 2024, his enthronement took place at the Metropolitan Cathedral of the Descent of the Holy Spirit on the Apostles in Slătiora<ref>{{cite web|title=P.S. Evloghie Nica, noul mitropolit al Bisericii Ortodoxe de Stil Vechi, întronizat astăzi, 1 septemb

  1. ↑ Template:Cite web
  2. ↑ Template:Cite web
  3. ↑ Template:Cite web
  4. ↑ Template:Cite web
  5. ↑ Template:Cite web
  6. ↑ Archbishop Kallinikos Heads Delegation to Romania Template:WaybackTemplate:Ref-en
  7. ↑ Ἐπίσκεψη στὴ Ρουμανία Template:WaybackTemplate:Ref-el
  8. ↑ Template:Cite web
  9. ↑ Template:Cite web
  10. ↑ Template:Cite web
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